Tuesday, May 4, 2010

Pope Benedict XVI: Innocent or Guilty?

The Catholic Church has often been associated with the sex scandal over the past few decades, and Pope Benedict XVI has been recently accused of covering up certain parts of the scandal so that he could avoid hurting the Church’s reputation. However, it is uncertain whether these accusations are true or false.

“The reason some see a ‘failed papacy’ is that they want to see just that,” said Carl Anderson of the Zenit News. “Too many in Europe want to see this papacy fail—any papacy fail—because the Church stands counter to their secularist agenda,”

There are both reasons to refute these sex scandal accusations directed at Benedict and to support them. In 1980 Pope Benedict XVI, at the time Archbishop Joseph Ratzinger, supposedly allowed Peter Hullerman, a priest, to go to therapy. This priest was previously accused of molesting kids, but after therapy he was allowed to resume normal obligations by Benedict’s subordinates. However, Benedict could have known about this. After Hullerman returned to normal duties, he abused more kids which led to his conviction in 1986.

“The pope’s reluctance to take a firm stance on sexual abuse by priests is expanding into a crisis for the Catholic Church and fueling outrage over his papacy,” reported members of the Spiegel staff. “Some Catholics are now even calling on Benedict, who has committed a series of gaffes since becoming pope in 2005, to resign.”

While most of the attention is to how Pope Benedict has covered up the sex abuses, some other facts are overlooked. In the 1990s Benedict attempted to have a full investigation of Cardinal Hans Groer who was accused of being a pedophile. However, the Vatican decided not to pursue the case. In 2001 Pope Benedict XVI also helped persuade Pope John Paul II to make a better and more organized system to deal with sex abuse allegations. This system was brought about to reduce the older, less structured system.


Despite these past acts there are two other major accusations against the pope. In addition to the one with Hullerman, there are cases concerning Murphy and the handling of sex accusations in general. In the 1960s and 1970s a Wisconsin priest, Lawrence Murphy, supposedly molested up to 200 deaf kids. Despite the kids of the school trying to get word out about Murphy, there was no visible action taken by the police or other civil authorities. There was going to be a canonical trial in 1996 addressing the issue, but a cardinal stopped the trial. Right before the trial was stopped, Murphy had written to Benedict asking the trial not to be held due to his poor health and sorrow for his sins. However, there is no evidence that Benedict had anything to do with stopping the trial, and there is no indication that he replied to the letters. Therefore, it’s unsure what, if anything, Benedict had to do with the trial.

Pope Benedict has also been accused that the Vatican moves too slowly in removing priests from the priesthood even after already removing them from the ministry. However, these accusations are from the 1980s and 1990s when he wasn’t pope. Regardless, some people still are mad at this.

“[We have to] get the filth out of the priesthood,” said Pope Benedict XVI.

Despite these accusations against the pope, in recent talks he appears to want to punish pedophile priests. He also apparently has remorse. However, Mark Serrano makes an opposing viewpoint.

“When the Pope can’t bring himself to utter the words ‘pedophile priest’… it’s hard to have faith that he is able to honestly and effectively deal with this growing crisis,” says Mark Serrano, a spokesperson for the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests.

While all the media coverage makes it sound like the Pope has an out of control abuse situation, in reality actually 0.74% of priests are believed to be involved in the sex scandal according to CARA.

Some people such as atheist and author Richard Dawkins want to have the pope arrested when he visits Britain from September 16-19 for his “crimes”. Even if he was found guilty he couldn’t be prosecuted under international law due to his status of head of state (The Holy See is a country that the pope is in charge).

On April 17, 2010 the Vatican put a statement on its website that bishops should report abuse crimes to police where required by local law. However, even though this is considered to be an old policy others claim the Vatican is “shifting the blame to the Bishops” and trying to change the past. Whether or not this is a step in the right direction or not an author made an observation.

“At least five times the Faith has, to all appearance, gone to the dogs. In each of these five cases, it was the dog that died,” said G.K. Chesterton, an English author.


To see the sources used go to: http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0ATcDnWSEByaHZGYzZDZ2cG1fOTRjY2NjazJjYg&hl=en

Saturday, April 10, 2010

Which Web browser is Best?


When it comes to getting on the internet most of us just click on Internet Explorer and it leads us straight to our homepage. However, is this the best way to get there? An internet browser is a program that allows access to the world wide web. With it you can load many different pages, watch videos, download content, and make a website, to name a few possibilities. Internet Explorer is just one of many different browsers. The main reason for it's popularity is due to the fact that it is preinstalled on Windows based operating systems. However, other notable web browsers include; Safari, Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Flock, Maxthon, Avant Browser, Deepnet Explorer, and PhaseOut. In this blog I will compare and provide a brief overview of a couple of these; Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome.

Note: For all tests and facts about the speed of the browsers I will tell you which version was used. However, it should be noted the latest versions as of April 10, 2010 are as follows. Internet Explorer: 8, Firefox: 3.6, Chrome: 4, and Safari: 4.

General Overview Browser-by-Browser:

Mozilla Firefox: This is a fairly fast web browser that is often considered the most customizable. It works well across windows, linux, and macs.

Google Chrome: This is a relatively new browser that is designed for it's lightning fast speed. Due to it being very new it has relatively few add-ons, can't load every web page, and doesn't work for mac/linux. However, given time this may be a very great browser.

Internet Explorer: This browser is the slowest by far. However, it is also very secure and it works for nearly every web page due to it's wide popularity.

Safari: This default browser for Mac is also a very fast browser that rivals Chrome's speed. This is a good all around browser for it's speed and security. However, it doesn't seem to have become that popular on Windows quite yet.

Speed:
One way that the speed of browsers can be compared is by running a Javascript benchmark test. I ran this test on the latest version of each browser using the following website. http://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider-0.9/sunspider.html. While this provides a general idea of the speed of browsers this isn't a perfect test due to other elements of websites that don't use Javascript and to slight variations of browsers. (For example if I use Firefox all the time and never use Safari then the Safari tests may be quicker since it has less cookies, browsing history, etc. While I tried to eliminate this variable by clearing browsing history some things may not have been deleted.) The results are as follows (lower scores are better):

Chrome 4: 663.4 +/- 4.9%
Safari 4: 845.4 +/- 3.7%
Firefox 3.6: 1160.1 +/- 2.3%
Internet Explorer 8: 6040.4 +/- 0.7%

To see a visual representation look at the top left of this article.

Therefore, as you can see Internet Explorer is by far the slowest when it comes to this test and Chrome is the fastest. However, Safari is fairly comparable to Chrome and Firefox is neither as slow as Internet Explorer nor as fast as Chrome/Safari. The reason for this is because Chrome and Safari have the same basic type of code used to make their browser while Explorer and Firefox each have a different type of code used.

Security:
Another important feature of any web browser is security. While you can have a fast browser, if it can't detect threats it is much harder to protect your computer while on the internet. A study by NSS labs judges the security of web browsers by seeing how successful a web browser can stop socially-engineered-malware, a harmful and common security breach. The data collected shows what percentage of threats were stopped by each web browser.

Internet Explorer 8: 85%
Firefox 3.5: 29%
Safari 4: 29%
Chrome 4: 17%

So as it can be seen while Google Chrome may be the fastest it is also the least secure among these four browsers. And just as Internet Explorer is the slowest it is the most secure among these four browsers. So when it comes to speed vs. security you can decide what's better for you. However, if you want a balance then maybe you should consider Firefox or Safari.

Customizability:
Customizability is the process of changing colors, default settings, installing add-ons, etc. While this may not be as big a deal to some people as it is to others it may still influence what browser you use. Since Chrome and Firefox have open source development (which means anyone can edit the code to make it better) they will, in general, change quicker and have more customizable features than Explorer and Safari. One important feature of customizability is add-ons which are like little programs that can be added to web browsers such as parental controls, blocking ads, etc. While all of these browsers allow for add-ons some have more options than others. Firefox probably has the largest, if not the highest quality, add-ons. However, since these all have add-ons the individual user may like the type of add-ons for one browser more than those for another.

Final Words:
So every browser has it's pluses and minuses. It all depends what you are looking for in a web browser when it comes to the internet. To download any of these browser simply do a Google search for it and it should be the first result to pop up. If you have any questions about this article feel free to ask me in the comment section. For more interesting reading about this subject I'd suggest checking out the following pages:

http://www.consumersearch.com/web-browser-reviews
http://internet-browser-review.toptenreviews.com/
http://nsslabs.com/test-reports/NSSLabs_Q12010_BrowserSEM_Summ_FINAL.pdf
http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/browserSpeed.html



Main sources used:
http://www.consumersearch.com/web-browser-reviews
http://internet-browser-review.toptenreviews.com/
http://nsslabs.com/test-reports/NSSLabs_Q12010_BrowserSEM_Summ_FINAL.pdf
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/
http://www.mychromeaddons.com/
http://www.ieaddons.com/en/
http://safariaddons.com/en-US/safari/browse/type:1/cat:4
http://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider-0.9/sunspider.html
http://v8.googlecode.com/svn/data/benchmarks/v5/run.html